• Fantom Logo
  • Technology Tools Enterprise Ecosystem Developers
  • Fantom DeFi
      • Sub menu

        Intro to Fantom

        Fantom is a fast, scalable and secure platform for digital assets.

      • Sub menu

        Stake on Fantom

        Earn rewards by securing the network.

      • Sub menu

        FTM token

        FTM is the primary token of the Fantom ecosystem.

      • Sub menu

        The Consensus

        Discover Lachesis, Fantom’s ultra-fast consensus protocol.

      • Sub menu

        Opera Chain

        The Fantom mainnet, with staking and EVM support.

    • WALLETS

      • Sub menu

        Fantom Wallets

        Store, send, receive, and stake FTM on desktop, mobile, and hardware wallets.

      EXPLORER

      • Sub menu

        FTMScan

        A new Fantom explorer built by the Etherscan team.

      • Sub menu

        Opera Explorer

        Explore the network transactions, blocks, and nodes on Opera.

      • Sub menu

        OKLink

        OKLink is an alternative explorer for the Fantom network

    • GUIDES

      • How to use Fantom Wallet

      • How to set up Ledger Nano with Fantom

    • Sub menu

      Enterprise

      Discover Fantom’s solutions for enterprise clients.

    • Sub menu

      Solutions

      Take a deep dive in real world use cases.

      • Sub menu

        About us

        Meet the people behind Fantom.

      • Sub menu

        Partners and integrations

        Learn how we're creating a cross-chain ecosystem on our innovative platform.

      • Sub menu

        Blog

        Learn about Fantom through our general and tech articles.

      • Sub menu

        Podcasts and interviews

        Check out all the Fantom related interviews and AMAs.

      • Sub menu

        FAQ

        Do you have questions? We have answers!

      • Sub menu

        Community

        Join our wonderful community and share ideas.

      • Sub menu

        Careers

        Come work with us!

    • Sub menu

      Documentation

      Start building on Fantom

      GET STARTED

      Deploy a smart contract Create a fixed-cap asset Create a local test network GraphQL API docs

      GUIDES

      Set up Metamask Run a validator node
    • Sub menu

      Technical papers

      Read our technical papers and latest research essays.

      Covalent API
      The Graph's Subgraphs
      Verified contracts
      Frontend JS Utilities
      DeFi Smart Contracts
      Developers’ chat
Fantom Logo
menu
Fantom Logo close
  • Technology
        • Sub menu

          Intro to Fantom

        • Sub menu

          Stake on Fantom

        • Sub menu

          FTM token

        • Sub menu

          The Consensus

        • Sub menu

          Opera Chain

  • Tools
      • WALLETS

        • Sub menu

          Fantom Wallets

        EXPLORER

        • Sub menu

          FTMScan

        • Sub menu

          Opera Explorer

        • Sub menu

          OKLink

        GUIDES

        • How to use Fantom Wallet

        • How to set up Ledger Nano with Fantom

  • Enterprise
        • Sub menu

          Enterprise

        • Sub menu

          Solutions

  • Ecosystem
      • Sub menu

        About us

      • Sub menu

        Partners and integrations

      • Sub menu

        Blog

      • Sub menu

        Podcasts and interviews

      • Sub menu

        FAQ

      • Sub menu

        Community

      • Sub menu

        Careers

  • Developers
      • Sub menu

        Documentation

      • GET STARTED

      • Deploy a smart contract

      • Create a fixed-cap asset

      • Create a local test network

      • GraphQL API docs

      • GUIDES

      • Set up Metamask

      • Run a validator node

      • Covalent API

      • Verified contracts

      • DeFi Smart Contracts

      • The Graph's Subgraphs

      • Frontend JS Utilities

      • Developers’ chat

      • Sub menu

        Technical papers

blog-image
August 25, 2022

Fantom DAG 2.0 — An Explainer

Education

Fantom introduces a new DAG 2.0 model with its Lachesis consensus protocol.

If you’re wondering how Fantom is so much faster than anything else you’ve experienced, it’s partly because transactions are stacked in a DAG and approved simultaneously. The following are three key points to consider.

  • Nodes create event blocks, which form a DAG.
  • Fantom uses a DAG (of event blocks) and generates a blockchain (a chain of confirmed blocks).
  • This means faster transaction propagation, event block generation, and confirmation.

Fantom’s model has several advantages over the traditional consensus approach, where nodes create and then confirm each block sequentially. In this scenario, blockchains have to wait as each event block is added. Fantom’s DAG 2.0, on the other hand,
utilizes past event blocks (that are yet to be confirmed) so that more event blocks can be added quicker. They are conceptually stacked and then approved at once.

So, how does block confirmation work?

  • When an Atropos event block is found, it will confirm transactions in the event blocks under Atropos’s subgraph. All of it is confirmed at once. Then a new block is created.
  • This new block will include all event blocks in the Atropos’s subgraph that haven’t been confirmed previously. All the transactions of the newly confirmed event blocks are added into this new block.
  • After each epoch, a new DAG is created in the new epoch. It consumes little resources and so there is little overhead.
  • There is no state explosion as in other DAG 1.0 models.

Apart from being faster than other models, participating in the Fantom network is also more affordable and accessible. Because the DAG relies on transactions, it doesn’t require mining or any of the expensive mining hardware associated with it.

This also ensures further decentralization and increased security: since no single miner can mine a whole block, it’s not controlled by a particular validator.

In summary, Fantom is a DAG 2.0 + dPoS model that is more scalable and secure than its predecessors.

Interested in learning more? Check out the White Paper V2.0.

Come and build with us!

Read more

Card image cap
Plena Finance — Fantom Ecosystem Spotlight
READ STORY
Card image cap
Fantom General Update | March 27, 2023
READ STORY
Card image cap
New Fantom Wallet is Here!
READ STORY
Card image cap
Plena Finance — Fantom Ecosystem Spotlight
READ STORY
Card image cap
Fantom General Update | March 27, 2023
READ STORY
Card image cap
New Fantom Wallet is Here!
READ STORY
  • Technology
    • Intro to Fantom
    • Stake on Fantom
    • FTM token
    • The Consensus
    • Opera Chain
  • Tools
    • Fantom Wallets
    • Opera Explorer
  • Enterprise
    • Enterprise
    • Solutions
  • Ecosystem
    • About us
    • Partners and integrations
    • Blog
    • Podcasts and interviews
    • FAQ
    • Community
    • Careers
    • Media kit
  • Developers
    • Documentation
    • Technical papers
    • Covalent API
    • Verified contracts
    • DeFi Smart Contracts
    • GraphQL API
    • Frontend JS utilities
    • Developers’ chat
Social
  • Twitter
  • Discord
  • Telegram
  • Telegram ANN
  • Reddit
Fantom Logo

© 2023 Fantom Foundation

  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Cookie Policy

The information on this website is for informational purposes only. It contains high-level summaries and is not intended to include all material information regarding the Fantom ecosystem and risk factors associated with holding FTM.